Soundtrack of Memory: The Cognitive and Emotional Benefits of Music for Dementia

Professor Jason Warren from the Dementia Research Center at the University College of London highlights the profound impact of music and movement on individuals with dementia. He shared the story of an elderly woman, once a ballerina, who despite her memory loss, could still dance expressively to intricate pieces like “Swan Lake.” As Professor Warren explains, “When you sing or dance in response to music, you’re using what we call procedural memories. That’s a completely different memory system to the one we use when we think about what happened yesterday or last year.”

Music has a unique ability to connect with different parts of the brain, making it a useful tool for easing some symptoms of dementia. While researchers are still learning the exact mechanisms, they’ve found a few ways it might help the brain. For example, music can have a strong emotional effect, which may encourage the brain to grow new cells, or neurogenesis, possibly boosting memory and mood. It also activates the brain’s reward system, releasing dopamine, which could help slow down the decline in thinking and movement. Furthermore, music can reduce stress and help regulate the immune system, factors that might even delay the progression of diseases like Alzheimer’s.

Music therapy goes beyond just playing background music. It involves personalized sessions led by trained professionals. Research shows that creating music plans based on a person’s unique preferences and needs is one of the main benefits of music therapy, allowing it to address individual differences effectively.

Music has the power to bring back strong emotions and memories, but not all music is suitable. Dr. Borna Bonakdarpour explains, “Not all memories connected to music are pleasant memories.” That’s why music therapists play a crucial role. They assess an individual’s history, preferences, and emotional responses to choose music that brings comfort rather than stress.

Here’s something even better: music’s benefits go beyond formal therapy sessions. Family members and caregivers can also integrate it into daily routines. A cheerful song can start the morning, or a soothing melody can ease bedtime. These simple musical moments can provide structure, comfort, and connection. Whether through playing familiar tunes, encouraging gentle movement, or singing together, caregivers can enhance mood, reduce stress, and strengthen bonds.